The Politics of Clientelism by John Martz

Author:John Martz [Martz, John]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Political Science, General
ISBN: 9781560002642
Google: NiRBDwAAQBAJ
Goodreads: 3656576
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 1997-01-30T00:00:00+00:00

Notes

1. The World Bank, Economic Development and Policy under Changing Conditions (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 1984).

2. A brief overview presenting a partisan perspective is Rafael Ballén, Liberalismo hoy: Opción de cambio o agónica supervivencia (Bogotá: n.p., 1985), 179–89.

3. The López government would publish a substantial number of collections of presidential speeches, conferences, and documents. For an expensively produced and illustrated example, which proved a useful if self-interested review of the administration, see Administración López Michelsen, Una gestión con proyecciones hacia el año dos mil (Bogotá: n.p., 1978).

4. This López statement was quoted in John Sheahan, Aspects of Planning and Development in Colombia (Austin: Institute of Latin American Studies, 1977), 23–24, as reported in turn by Harvey F. Kline, Colombia: Portrait of Unity and Diversity (Boulder: Westview Press, 1983), 110.

5. Malcolm Gillis and Charles E. McLure, Jr., “The 1974 Colombian Tax Reform and Income Distribution,” in R. Albert Berry and Ronald Soligo, eds., Economic Policy and Income Distribution in Colombia (Boulder: Westview Press, 1980), 47–48. Also see the extended discussion in Rodrigo Losada Lora, Realidades de la concentración/dispersión del poder político en Colombia 1966–1978 (Bogotá: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 1983).

A more recent and far-reaching exploration, a rich treasure trove of data, is Charles E. McLure, Jr., John Mutti, Victor Thuronyi, and George R. Zodrow, The Taxation of Income from Business and Capital in Colombia (Durham: Duke University Press, 1990).

6. World Bank, Economic Development, 46.

7. Colombia receives substantial attention in a fine treatise on rural underdevelopment in Latin America by Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); see especially pp. 104–07 and 143–53.

For a detailed study of Bogotá describing the López administration’s modifications of Pastrana’s housing policy, which had heavily concentrated on the capital, thereby increasing its primacy over Colombia’s other large cities, see Francis Violich, in collaboration with Robert Daughters, Urban Planning for Latin America: The Challenge of Metropolitan Growth (Boston: Oelgeschlager, Gunn & Hain Publishers, Inc., 1987), chapter 6, “Bogotá: Metropolitan Dualism,” 199–253.

8. For an exhaustive analysis see Harvey F. Kline, The Coal of Cerrejon: Dependent Bargaining and Colombian Policy-Making (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1987).

9. Washington Post (28 June 1975).

10. “Colombia,” Latin American Weekly Report (19 September 1975).

11. New York Times (17 October 1977).

12. For a discussion of Colombian administrative reform and policy formulation beginning with the National Front and including an examination of the López record, see Linn A. Hammergren, Development and the Politics of Administrative Reform: Lessons from Latin America (Boulder: Westview, 1983), 133–71.

13. “Colombia,” Latin American Weekly Report (2 April 1976).

14. Miami Herald (16 April 1976). A thorough study of the elections is Rodrigo Losada Lora, Las elecciones de mitaca de 1976: participación electoral y perspectiva histórica (Bogotá: Fedesarrollo, 1976).

15. There were no official figures between 1974 and 1978. Thus, we calculated the difference over the four-year period and halved it to arrive at an estimate of 10,772,661.

16. The long-running feuding inside the Liberal party, accompanied by an analysis of doctrinal disputes, is set forth in Ballén, Liberalismo hoy.

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